Basically, in xEVs the traditional internal combustion engine is replaced with an electric powertrains. This replacement entails a smaller and lighter powertrain, enhances acceleration and energy conversion efficiency, and reduces repair & maintenance costs, sound pollution, and fuel consumption. Studies in the European Union context demonstrate how employment of fully-electric or hybrid automobiles can reduce energy consumption to half or one-third.
 
Electric vehicles run on batteries that store electricity to power the electric motor. These batteries can be recharged using grid electricity coming from renewable sources (wind farms, rooftop solar panels etc.) or gas-fired power plants – a relatively clean source of energy. The regenerative braking system of EVs also contributes to reduction of fuel consumption and gas emission. Together, these merits translate into lower urban pollution.